Public Protector

The Public Protector is an independent constitutional institution in South Africa established to investigate and remedy improper conduct by government officials and State entities. The office is mandated under Chapter 9 of the South African Constitution to strengthen constitutional democracy by safeguarding the rights of citizens against maladministration, abuse of power, corruption and unethical conduct in public affairs. The Public Protector has the authority to investigate any conduct in State affairs or public administration at any level of government that is alleged to be improper or to result in impropriety or prejudice, and may issue binding remedial action. The office operates independently and is accountable only to the National Assembly, though it must be impartial and exercise its powers without fear, favour or prejudice. The Public Protector is appointed by the President on the recommendation of the National Assembly for a non-renewable term of seven years. The institution has jurisdiction over all organs of State, including national and provincial government departments, municipalities, parastatals and public officials. High-profile investigations have included matters relating to state capture, presidential conduct and procurement irregularities. The office was established in 1995 following South Africa's transition to democracy, with the first Public Protector appointed in October of that year. The institution plays a critical role in holding government accountable and providing accessible recourse for citizens who have grievances against the State.