The second phase of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) energy in South Africa proposes three additional Renewable Energy Development Zones (REDZs) for wind and solar photovoltaic energy projects.
The REDZs support the responsible implementation of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP 2019) that was recently gazetted by the Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy on October 17.
Renewable-energy projects that could be developed in these new REDZs have the potential to make significant contributions to mine rehabilitation and to support a just energy transition in the specified areas including where 12 GW of existing coal power stations are planned to be decommissioned by 2030.
The IRP 2019 has identified the requirement for at least an additional 14.4 GW of wind and 6 GW of solar PV by 2030 among a range of other new-build capacity including coal, gas, imported hydro and storage.
There is a distinct need for rehabilitating areas where existing coal power stations are expected to decommission and possibly repurposing these for a range of diverse economic activities including renewable-energy deployment, which can be fast-tracked within the new REDZs.
The outcomes of the second phase of the SEA for wind and solar PV energy in South Africa were presented to stakeholders at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), in Pretoria, on September 26.
This study was commissioned by the Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries.
The two new REDZs for solar PV are in the eMalahleni and Klerksdorp areas and the third one, which focuses on wind energy, is located to the east of Beaufort West.
CSIR environmental scientist Abulele Adams noted that one of the main aims of the second phase SEA was to identify previously mined areas close to the Gauteng area, where the highest demand for energy is, to incentivise large-scale solar PV projects in this area.
“In this way, the new renewable-energy projects can contribute towards the rehabilitation of previously mined areas and support job creation in those areas.
“Specifically where there may be a decline in mining, and potentially make use of existing infrastructure, such as the electricity grid and roads from previous mining activities,” she said.
Further, Adams noted that it was important to plan renewable-energy development in these previously mined areas to ensure that renewables played a role in the just transition to a low-carbon economy.
The identification of the new REDZs involved positive mapping such as pull factors, which included factors such as the abundance of existing wind and solar PV energy resources, access to the power corridors, and other technical criteria required for renewable-energy facilities.
She explained that this was followed by negative mapping such as push factors, which included environmental features and areas that were sensitive to the placement of large-scale wind and solar PV facilities.
Thereafter, an industry prioritisation exercise was conducted to ensure that the proposed areas were aligned with areas that the renewable-energy sector identified as priorities for future projects.
CSIR environmental assessment practitioner Paul Lochner highlighted that, renewable- energy development could still take place outside the REDZs.
“Such applications must be considered on a project-by-project basis,” he said.
He added that the REDZs were also aligned with the powerline corridors that were identified in the Electricity Grid Infrastructure SEA completed in 2016 and gazetted as powerline corridors in February last year.
The combination of the REDZs and power corridors provides strategic guidance to State-owned power utility Eskom on where to prioritise investment in grid infrastructure.
Lochner noted that the second phase SEA followed the first phase of the wind and solar SEA completed in 2015, which identified eight REDZs in South Africa.
These were gazetted for implementation by the Minister of Environmental Affairs in February 2018.
The objective of the SEAs was to identify areas in the country that were best suited for wind and solar PV energy projects, based on a holistic assessment of technical, strategic planning, environmental and socioeconomic criteria, he concluded.