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        <title>Engineering News | Environmental Studies</title>
        <description><![CDATA[Latest news on environmental studies, including, climate change, waste management & recycling, policy & enforcement and environment.]]></description>
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            <title>Aucamp stresses South Africa's commitment to remote research bases after Marion Island evacuation</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/aucamp-stresses-south-africas-commitment-to-remote-research-bases-after-marion-island-evacuation-2026-05-28</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment Minister Willie Aucamp has assured South Africans that the country remains committed to its Antarctic and sub-Antarctic research programme, which contributes significantly to climate science, biodiversity conservation, oceanographic research and global environmental monitoring. The Minister on May 27 welcomed the 2025/26 Marion Island overwintering team back to South Africa, following their urgent evacuation after delays affecting the departure of the SA Agulhas II relief voyage.]]></description>
            <author>Creamer Media Reporter  </author>
            <category>ENVIRONMENT</category>
            <pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 09:36:00 +0200</pubDate>
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        <editor>Chanel de Bruyn</editor>
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        <image_title>Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment Minister Willie Aucamp </image_title>
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        <attachments><attachment><url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/96686_marion_island_team_back_in_sa_video(1).mp4</url><size>35044271</size><title>Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment Minister Willie Aucamp discusses the evacuation of the 2025/26 overwintering team from Marion Island and plans to get the base operational again (Video supplied by the DFFE)</title></attachment></attachments>
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            <title>Equinix faces challenge to Cape Town data centres over environmental concerns</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/equinix-faces-challenge-to-cape-town-data-centres-over-environmental-concerns-2026-05-18</link>
            <description><![CDATA[A plan by US-listed Equinix to build two data centres in Cape Town should not be approved without full disclosure of its water, power and environmental impact, a formal objection lodged with city planners and seen by Reuters showed. The Housing Assembly (HA), a social movement representing more than 20 communities in the Western Cape of South Africa, and UK non-profit Foxglove say the application cannot be approved without the key information needed for officials to assess the project.]]></description>
            <author>  Reuters</author>
            <category>IT &amp; THE ENVIRONMENT</category>
            <pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2026 11:42:00 +0200</pubDate>
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        <updated>1779098256</updated>
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        <editor>  Reuters</editor>
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            <title>Global ecosystem data network that South Africa helped create is now operational</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/global-ecosystem-data-network-that-south-africa-helped-create-is-now-operational-2026-05-07</link>
            <description><![CDATA[The National Research Foundation (NRF) has highlighted that the global FLUXNET Shuttle data system became fully operational last week, and that the South African Environmental Observation Network (NRF-SAEON) played an important role in its creation and is a significant contributor to it. FLUXNET Shuttle collects flux data from regional networks around the world, in real time, and makes this data available to researchers around the globe. “Flux data is the direct measurement of the exchange of carbon, water, and energy between land and atmosphere from tropical forests to Arctic tundra,” explained the NRF. “It measures turbulent, vertical, and horizontal air movements (“eddies”) to understand how ecosystems such as forests, farms, or water bodies interact with the air, acting as sources or sinks for greenhouse gases.”]]></description>
            <author>Rebecca Campbell</author>
            <category>SCIENCE &amp; THE ENVIRONMENT</category>
            <pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2026 11:58:00 +0200</pubDate>
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        <updated>1778150068</updated>
        <published>1778147880</published>
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        <editor>Creamer Media Reporter  </editor>
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            <title>World Bank teams up with Amazon for a $120m Spekboom bond</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/world-bank-teams-up-with-amazon-for-a-120m-spekboombond-2026-04-24</link>
            <description><![CDATA[The World Bank has teamed up with Amazon on a bond whose proceeds will go toward rehabilitating ecosystems in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province. The $120-million 14-year bond, which was sold to large institutional investors, is designed so that returns are pegged to the number of carbon credits produced by restoring land depleted from centuries of overgrazing. Amazon has agreed to buy a “large share” of the credits generated through the project, the World Bank said in a statement on Thursday.]]></description>
            <author>  Bloomberg</author>
            <category>ENVIRONMENT</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 15:42:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>720095</a_id>
        <updated>1777038730</updated>
        <published>1777038120</published>
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        <editor>  Bloomberg</editor>
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            <title>Flotation polishing integral to wastewater improvement</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/flotation-polishing-integral-to-wastewater-improvement-2026-04-24</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is gaining traction as a post-biological polishing step in municipal wastewater treatment, improving effluent consistency by removing fine solids, algae and nutrient loads that conventional clarification often misses under variable conditions, says water technology company Xylem strategy and marketing manager Chetan Mistry. It is well established as an effective post-biological polishing step, particularly for the removal of fine suspended solids, algae and particulate-bound nutrients such as phosphorus.]]></description>
            <author>Lumkile Nkomfe </author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>718816</a_id>
        <updated>1776667420</updated>
        <published>1776981600</published>
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        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
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        <image_title>CHETAN MISTRY 
When integrated correctly, DAF complements biological treatment by stabilising final effluent rather than replacing biological nutrient removal</image_title>
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            <title>Innovative﻿ approaches ﻿needed for effective conservation</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/innovative-collaborative-approaches-required-for-effective-conservation-2026-04-24</link>
            <description><![CDATA[As South Africa grapples with mounting water stress, innovative approaches to waste management are emerging as crucial aspects of water conservation, with integrated waste management solutions company Interwaste commercial director Shoba Govender noting that it is leveraging its engineered landfills and effluent treatment capabilities to transform contaminated liquid waste into reusable water. She explains that, although landfills are a last resort, they are still necessary in integrated waste management practices. Engineered landfills are capital intensive and specifically designed to hold characterised waste types authorised for disposal. When rainfall interacts with? the waste body, it generates leachate – contaminated liquid that could potentially pollute soil and groundwater.]]></description>
            <author>Lumkile Nkomfe </author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>718943</a_id>
        <updated>1776667422</updated>
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        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
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        <image_title>SHOBA GOVENDER 
Innovative wastewater treatment and recycling are critical in a country where water treatment infrastructure is often ageing and poorly maintained</image_title>
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            <title>Wastewater plants flagged as AMR  gene reservoirs</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/wastewater-plants-flagged-as-reservoirs-of-antimicrobial-resistance-genes-2026-04-24</link>
            <description><![CDATA[There is increased evidence that extracellular DNA (exDNA) - genetic material released from bacteria killed during the water treatment process – may act as a previously underappreciated reservoir of antibiotic resistance, with researchers from Stellenbosch University finding evidence of genetic material from two major bacterial groups, commonly known to exhibit high-risk resistance profiles, in wastewater samples from Tshwane, Gauteng.  This has raised fresh concerns about how antimicrobial resistance moves through ecosystems and into human populations.]]></description>
            <author>Lumkile Nkomfe </author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>718994</a_id>
        <updated>1776671738</updated>
        <published>1776981600</published>
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        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
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        <image_title>RESISTANCE RISK 
Researchers warn that wastewater treatment plants may enable the spread of antibiotic resistance genes into rivers and the wider environment</image_title>
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            <title>How mining companies are innovating to address sustainable tailings management </title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/how-mining-companies-are-innovating-to-address-sustainable-tailings-management-2026-04-24</link>
            <description><![CDATA[As South African mining companies face environmental and legacy issues brought about by the country’s long and complex mining history, it is becoming increasingly important to adopt responsible tailings management and effective land rehabilitation systems. This was underscored by panellists during Creamer Media’s ‘Tailings’ webinar, held earlier this month, which brought together industry experts to discuss the evolution of tailings in the country and explore themes such as regulatory, financial, technical and social barriers that may be slowing rehabilitation efforts.]]></description>
            <author>Sabrina Jardim</author>
            <category>TAILINGS</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>719202</a_id>
        <updated>1777007922</updated>
        <published>1776981600</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Martin Zhuwakinyu</editor>
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            <title>Brahman Hills relocates plane trees for 20 ha garden development</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/brahman-hills-relocates-plane-trees-for-20-ha-garden-development-2026-04-24</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Twenty-seven fully grown plane trees have been successfully relocated from the Gowrie Farm golf estate to Brahman Hills, in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, where they now form part of what is set to become one of South Africa’s most ambitious garden projects. At over 20 ha, The Serenity Garden development will include expansive garden rooms, water features, an underground orchid house, an olive garden and an African art museum, all designed by landscape artist Tim Steyn and developed intentionally as part of a long-term landscape legacy project.]]></description>
            <author>Lumkile Nkomfe </author>
            <category>ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>719814</a_id>
        <updated>1777024594</updated>
        <published>1776981600</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Chanel de Bruyn</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
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            <title>Airbus Space to provide imagery and analysis for global coffee industry mapping project</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/airbus-space-to-provide-imagery-and-analysis-for-global-coffee-industry-mapping-project-2026-04-22</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Airbus Defence and Space has announced that it has been selected as the technical partner in the international Coffee Canopy Partnership. Backed by the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation and the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, the Coffee Canopy Partnership unites the world’s biggest coffee traders and roasters, led by JDE Peet’s, whose brands include Douwe Egberts and Jacobs, among others, and including the Louis Dreyfus Company, Neumann Kaffee Gruppe, Sucafina, Sucden, ...]]></description>
            <author>Rebecca Campbell</author>
            <category>EARTH OBSERVATION</category>
            <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 12:59:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>719907</a_id>
        <updated>1776858240</updated>
        <published>1776855540</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Creamer Media Reporter  </editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
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        <image_title></image_title>
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            <title>As coal chokes Johannesburg, South African scientists launch pollution warning app</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/as-coal-chokes-johannesburg-south-african-scientists-launch-pollution-warning-app-2026-04-21</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Scientists at the University of the Witwatersrand have designed South Africa's first app to warn residents of pollution levels, as Johannesburg suffers a spike in coal emissions in recent weeks, causing breathing problems and other health issues. Africa's wealthiest city lies not far from the country's coal mines and the rotten-egg smell of sulphur has often been present in the air.]]></description>
            <author>  Reuters</author>
            <category>ENERGY &amp; POLLUTION</category>
            <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 10:14:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>719763</a_id>
        <updated>1776760501</updated>
        <published>1776759240</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>  Reuters</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
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            <title>High Court sets aside environmental authorisation for K148 road construction</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/high-court-sets-aside-environmental-authorisation-for-k148-road-construction-2026-04-20</link>
            <description><![CDATA[A full bench of the Gauteng High Court has set aside the environmental authorisation for the proposed K148 road development, in Gauteng, ruling that both the original 2016 approval and subsequent 2021 amendment were unlawful. The court upheld an appeal brought against the road project by private investment company NT55 Investments, overturning decisions by Judge Bashier Vally in the High Court in April 2024.]]></description>
            <author>Lumkile Nkomfe </author>
            <category>ROADS</category>
            <pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 09:25:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>719642</a_id>
        <updated>1776671527</updated>
        <published>1776669900</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Chanel de Bruyn</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
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        <image_title>NT55 Investments CEO Francois Nortjé </image_title>
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            <title>Genetic trouble detected in isolated African elephant populations</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/genetic-trouble-detected-in-isolated-african-elephant-populations-2026-04-17</link>
            <description><![CDATA[he largest genomic study of African elephants to date has found that both species - savanna and forest elephants - remain in generally good genetic health despite long-term numerical declines, though some isolated populations are showing worrisome signs of inbreeding and deleterious mutations. Researchers analyzed the genetic health of African elephants - Earth's largest land animals - by looking at genome data for 181 savanna elephants and 51 forest elephants from 29 locations across 17 countries.]]></description>
            <author>  Reuters</author>
            <category>CONSERVATION</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2026 09:27:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>719552</a_id>
        <updated>1776410981</updated>
        <published>1776410820</published>
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        <editor>  Reuters</editor>
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            <title>Microgrids emerge as fastest route to energy access</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/microgrids-emerge-as-fastest-route-to-energy-access-2026-04-17</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Decentralised microgrids are proving critical to accelerating electrification, easing energy constraints and improving resilience across South Africa, highlights South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI) renewable energy manager Dr Karen Surridge. Microgrids are increasingly being positioned as a core component of the solution to the country’s energy access challenges, particularly in remote, underserved and fast-growing areas where conventional infrastructure struggles to keep pace. Surridge stressed that decentralised systems are not only expedient but also a necessary complement to broader electrification efforts.]]></description>
            <author>Lumkile Nkomfe </author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>718419</a_id>
        <updated>1775813831</updated>
        <published>1776376800</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
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        <image_title>GRID RESILIENCE 
Decentralised microgrids are enabling faster, more resilient and cost-effective energy access for remote and fast-growing communities across South Africa</image_title>
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            <title>Pilot plant development making headway</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/pilot-plant-development-making-headway-2026-03-27</link>
            <description><![CDATA[The development of the Kadant Autolab pilot plant is one of many paper and board recycling programmes and initiatives being introduced by paper and paper packaging sector responsibility organisation Fibre Circle. The in-house recyclability laboratory offers benchtop recyclability assessments and advanced research opportunities.]]></description>
            <author>Halima Frost</author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>717122</a_id>
        <updated>1774258868</updated>
        <published>1774562400</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
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        <image_title>PROBLEMATIC PAPER
The difficult to recycle label backing paper is a product Fibre Circle are pushing companies to recycle</image_title>
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            <title>Strengthening South Africa’s water sector starts with stabilising its infrastructure</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/strengthening-south-africas-water-sector-starts-with-stabilising-its-infrastructure-2026-03-27</link>
            <description><![CDATA[As South Africa’s water sector continues to deteriorate, strengthening asset management, infrastructure maintenance and institutional reform will be critical, while tackling high levels of nonrevenue water levels faced by many municipalities will go a long way towards ensuring the country’s water security. Maintenance of municipal water and sanitation infrastructure has been neglected across many municipalities for decades, leaving a “huge” backlog of repairs and refurbishment.]]></description>
            <author>Natasha Odendaal</author>
            <category>WATER</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>717371</a_id>
        <updated>1774337605</updated>
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        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Martin Zhuwakinyu</editor>
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            <title>Only 14% of global cities meet WHO particulate matter guidelines – IQAir</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/only-14-of-global-cities-meet-who-particulate-matter-guidelines-iqair-2026-03-24</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Only 14% of global cities met the World Health Organisation (WHO) yearly particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) guideline of 5 µg/m3, down from 17% in the previous year, Swiss air quality technology company IQAir's eighth ‘World Air Quality’ report shows. Only 13 countries and territories, namely French Polynesia, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, Barbados, New Caledonia, Iceland, Bermuda, Réunion, Andorra, Australia, Grenada, Panama and Estonia, met the WHO annual PM2.5 guideline.]]></description>
            <author>Schalk Burger</author>
            <category>AIR QUALITY</category>
            <pubDate>Tue, 24 Mar 2026 06:01:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>717848</a_id>
        <updated>1774271923</updated>
        <published>1774324860</published>
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        <editor>Chanel de Bruyn</editor>
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            <title>Eskom publishes Medupi FGD cost-benefit analysis report for public comment</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/eskom-publishes-medupi-fgd-cost-benefit-analysis-report-for-public-comment-2026-02-24</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Power utility Eskom is encouraging communities, environmental groups, industry representatives, government institutions and other interested and affected parties to review, and comment on, a draft cost-benefit analysis (CBA) report and related documents on flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) at the Medupi power station, in Limpopo. Eskom had previously applied to then Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment Minister Dr Deon George for an exemption from compliance with certain minimum emission standards (MES) limits for a period in 2025. In response, the Minister on March 31, 2025, issued a directive, requiring Eskom to complete and publish for stakeholder comment a revised and expanded plant-specific CBA for FGD at Medupi.]]></description>
            <author>Creamer Media Reporter  </author>
            <category>ELECTRICITY &amp; AIR QUALITY</category>
            <pubDate>Tue, 24 Feb 2026 23:27:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>715985</a_id>
        <updated>1772000491</updated>
        <published>1771968420</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Chanel de Bruyn</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001255737_resized_medupisunset11022.jpg</image_url>
        <image_title></image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        <attachments><attachment><url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/96226_eskom-medupi-bca_non-technical-summary.pdf</url><size>343067</size><title>To download a copy of the Medupi CBA non-technical summary, click here</title></attachment><attachment><url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/96227_eskom-medupi-cba_draft-report-stakeholder-review_appendix.pdf</url><size>3900412</size><title>To download a copy of the Medupi CBA draft report, click here</title></attachment></attachments>
        <media:group><media:content url="https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/96226_eskom-medupi-bca_non-technical-summary.pdf" fileSize="343067" type="video" medium="video" expression="full"><media:description type="plain">To download a copy of the Medupi CBA non-technical summary, click here</media:description></media:content><media:content url="https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/attachments/96227_eskom-medupi-cba_draft-report-stakeholder-review_appendix.pdf" fileSize="3900412" type="video" medium="video" expression="full"><media:description type="plain">To download a copy of the Medupi CBA draft report, click here</media:description></media:content></media:group>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>South African marine researchers have new species named after them</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/south-african-marine-researchers-have-new-species-named-after-them-2026-02-17</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Three South African researchers have been honoured by having new marine species named after them. This has been jointly highlighted by the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE) and the National Research Foundation’s South African Environmental Observation Network (NRF-SAEON). The NRF is an agency of the Department of Science, Technology and Innovation.   The three are NRF-SAEON Egagasini Node Biodiversity Scientist Dr Lara Atkinson, University of the Western Cape marine biologist Professor Mark J Gibbons, and DFFE Oceans and Coast Research Unit researcher Liesl Jansen. Each of them had a new species of sponge named after them. A fourth new species discovered was named after the Namaqua eco-region, which is where all these species were found.]]></description>
            <author>Rebecca Campbell</author>
            <category>SCIENCE &amp; TECHNOLOGY</category>
            <pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2026 10:45:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>715448</a_id>
        <updated>1771321251</updated>
        <published>1771317900</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Creamer Media Reporter  </editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Biomass-fuelled boiler plant construction under way</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/new-biomass-fuelled-boiler-plant-construction-project-under-way-2026-01-30</link>
            <description><![CDATA[In October it was announced that heavy machinery manufacturer Sumitomo SHI FW (SFW) was selected to supply a biomass-fuelled circulating fluidised bed (CFB) boiler plant to global sustainable packaging and paper manufacturer Mondi SCP’s EcoPower project at its integrated pulp and paper mill in Ružomberok, Slovakia. SFW’s delivery will support Mondi SCP in increasing energy self-sufficiency, reducing emissions, decarbonising industrial energy use and enabling fossil-free district heating for the surrounding community.]]></description>
            <author>Halima Frost</author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>713105</a_id>
        <updated>1769434662</updated>
        <published>1769724000</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001247357_resized_boilersmondiscpmillslovakia01261022.jpeg</image_url>
        <image_title>PLANT BASED
The biomass-fueled boiler plant being developed for Mondi in Slovakia will be supplied by heavy machinery manufacturer Sumitomo SHI FW
</image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>K148 road construction halted as court interdict sparks appeal over enviro approvals</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/k148-road-construction-halted-as-court-interdict-sparks-appeal-over-enviro-approvals-2026-01-28</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Construction of the proposed K148 road, in Gauteng, has been halted after NT55 Investments founder Francois Nortjé secured a High Court interdict, with the Gauteng Department of Roads and Transport (GDRT) now appealing the ruling amid an ongoing legal challenge over the lawfulness of environmental approvals for the project. The appeal against the interdict, which prevents construction from proceeding, is scheduled to be heard in the Gauteng High Court on February 17.]]></description>
            <author>Darren Parker</author>
            <category>ROADS</category>
            <pubDate>Wed, 28 Jan 2026 11:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>714037</a_id>
        <updated>1769611085</updated>
        <published>1769592600</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Chanel de Bruyn</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001249994_resized_enonlinent55investmentsfrancoisnortje0120261022.jpeg</image_url>
        <image_title>NT55 Investments founder Francois Nortjé </image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Wholesale market bodes well for energy stability </title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/wholesale-market-bodes-well-for-energy-stability-2026-01-23</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Maturing policy frameworks, improving battery storage solutions economics, private-sector investment and the introduction of the wholesale energy market creates a powerful foundation for long-term stability in the South African energy sector, says solar asset management company Sustainable Power Solutions (SPS) chief growth and marketing officer Anja Visagie. SPS is excited to continue supporting the energy transition and the realisation of this market through technically robust, commercially viable renewable-energy solutions for businesses across sub-Saharan Africa.]]></description>
            <author>Halima Frost</author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>712692</a_id>
        <updated>1768891315</updated>
        <published>1769119200</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001246166_resized_energyoutlookspssolarplant01261022.jpeg</image_url>
        <image_title>REACHING FOR THE SUN
Sustainable Power Solutions has embraced sustainability by harnessing solar power through its numerous projects</image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Line-up drives energy transition </title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/line-up-drives-energy-transition-2026-01-23</link>
            <description><![CDATA[With a project pipeline spanning off-grid renewable power, solar PV and battery storage across various clients in numerous industries, solar asset management company Sustainable Power Solutions (SPS) believes that 2026 will be a defining year for South Africa’s energy transition. “One of SPS’s most significant and newsworthy projects for 2026 is the Badirammogo Water Use Association (BWUA) water pumping project, in Limpopo,” says SPS chief growth and marketing officer Anja Visagie.]]></description>
            <author>Halima Frost</author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>713750</a_id>
        <updated>1769165325</updated>
        <published>1769119200</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001249168_resized_energyoutlookspssolarplant01261022.jpeg</image_url>
        <image_title>ON THE HORIZON
With numerous projects on the horizon SPS believes the year will be a defining year for energy transition
</image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Industry should leverage insight  to boost investment, activity </title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/industry-should-leverage-insight-to-boost-investment-activity-2026-01-23</link>
            <description><![CDATA[International investment opportunities for nuclear energy development are available, but South Africa must prepare and equip its industry to capitalise on these opportunities by learning from the mistakes and success of others, and embracing the knowledge base of global nuclear executives, says strategic consulting firm Izibani Consultancy founder Dr Yves Guenon. Speaking in the wake of the 2025 World Nuclear Exhibition, held in November in Paris, in France, he notes that the event was attended by many South African C-Suite executives and local representatives – from small companies in niche markets to medium- and large-sized corporates from South Africa.]]></description>
            <author>Halima Frost</author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>712690</a_id>
        <updated>1769398034</updated>
        <published>1769119200</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001246156_resized_energyoutlookizibaniconsultingkoebergnuclear0126jpg1022.jpeg</image_url>
        <image_title>ONE AND ONLY
The Koeberg Nuclear power station is currently South Africa's only working Nuclear plant </image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Highest weather station in Southern Africa installed in the Maluti-Drakensberg range</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/highest-weather-station-in-southern-africa-installed-in-the-maluti-drakensberg-range-2025-12-08</link>
            <description><![CDATA[The National Research Foundation – South African Environmental Observation Network (NRF-SAEON), in collaboration with the University of the Free State’s (UFS’s) Afromontane Research Unit (ARU), has installed the highest weather station in Southern Africa in the Mont-aux-Sources area of the Maluti-Drakensberg. Positioned atop the iconic Drakensberg Amphitheatre at 3 100 m above sea level, the automatic weather station will provide real-time climate data critical to understanding a region of exceptional biodiversity value, says the NRF.]]></description>
            <author>Irma Venter</author>
            <category>CLIMATE</category>
            <pubDate>Mon, 08 Dec 2025 14:44:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>711692</a_id>
        <updated>1765200734</updated>
        <published>1765197840</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Creamer Media Reporter  </editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001243596_resized_highestweatherstationinsa20251022.jpeg</image_url>
        <image_title>The Drakensberg weather station

</image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Elephant dung DNA reveals hidden forest populations, study shows</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/elephant-dung-dna-reveals-hidden-forest-populations-study-shows-2025-11-27</link>
            <description><![CDATA[There are thousands more endangered African forest elephants than previously thought, thanks to a new counting method using the DNA extracted from their dung, a study showed on Thursday. The species of elephant, important in helping rainforests to regenerate, is notoriously hard to assess since they are spread across remote, dense jungles in 22 African countries, precluding aerial counts.]]></description>
            <author>  Reuters</author>
            <category>CONSERVATION</category>
            <pubDate>Thu, 27 Nov 2025 11:13:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>710965</a_id>
        <updated>1764235328</updated>
        <published>1764234780</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>  Reuters</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001241483_resized_untitled261.jpeg</image_url>
        <image_title></image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Consultancy calls for creation of ‘Just Transition Worker Fund’ to address climate-linked ...</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/consultancy-calls-for-creation-of-just-transition-worker-fund-to-address-climate-linked-inequality-2025-11-07</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Research and consulting firm PBS Development Consulting has recommended the establishment of a dedicated ‘Just Transition Worker Fund’ to ensure South Africa’s climate transition addresses inequality, employment precarity and uneven municipal capacity. Speaking at the Just Transition Labour Centre’s (JTLC’s) inaugural Annual Policy Conference, in Sandton, on November 6, PBS researcher Mamokete Modiba said the fund should enable differentiated access across stakeholders and municipalities, particularly those in rural areas that are less resourced than metropolitan counterparts.]]></description>
            <author>Darren Parker</author>
            <category>ENERGY TRANSITION</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 2025 14:07:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>709482</a_id>
        <updated>1762519924</updated>
        <published>1762517220</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Chanel de Bruyn</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001237219_resized_coalpowerstationbloomberg1022.jpg</image_url>
        <image_title></image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Constant investment maintains beneficial partnership</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/constant-investment-maintains-beneficial-partnership-2025-10-31</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Having made significant investments in its distribution, engineering facilities and technical skills, industrial solutions provider BMG’s dedicated variable-speed drive (VSD) workshops in Cape Town, Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal remain the approved warranty centres for renowned brands – including Danfoss, VACON and Synergy – in South Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. BMG’s range of Danfoss electronic, mechanical and intelligent ‘mechatronic’ devices are designed to optimise automation processes and reduce energy consumption.]]></description>
            <author>Halima Frost</author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>707830</a_id>
        <updated>1761635295</updated>
        <published>1761861600</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001232302_resized_energyefficiencymanagmentbmganddanfosspartnership10251022.jpeg</image_url>
        <image_title>GROWING TOGETHER
The partnership between BMG and Danfoss continues to grow year on year</image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Transmission investment lacking in S Africa</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/transmission-investment-lacking-in-s-africa-2025-10-31</link>
            <description><![CDATA[South Africa’s transmission network, built for a centralised, coal-based power system, cannot carry the country into a decentralised, renewables-led future, says financial solutions provider Old Mutual Alternative Investments infrastructure debt head Rolf Canto and investment analyst Kabelo Mabaso. In a paper titled ‘Why transmission investment is the missing piece in South Africa’s energy transition’, they stress this, saying South Africa has outgrown its grid.]]></description>
            <author>Halima Frost</author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>707832</a_id>
        <updated>1761635290</updated>
        <published>1761861600</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001232310_resized_energyefficiencymanagmentoldmutualtransmissionlinesgeneric210251022.jpeg</image_url>
        <image_title>PYLON THE POWER
The lack of transmission infrastructure and finance for the projects in the pipeline, is to South Africa's detriment
</image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Awards celebrate South Africa’s eco-champions</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/awards-celebrate-south-africas-eco-champions-2025-10-29</link>
            <description><![CDATA[The 2025 Eco-Logic Awards celebrated South Africa's ecologically intelligent champions for their contributions to protecting and preserving the planet at the yearly awards ceremony held at the Two Oceans Aquarium, in Cape Town, on October 27. Hosted by eco-activist and humorist Themba Robin, “eco-movers and shakers” from various environmental sectors gathered to recognise extraordinary achievements in areas such as South African wildlife conservation, waste innovation, climate change, water conservation and eco-fashion.]]></description>
            <author>Sabrina Jardim</author>
            <category>AWARDS</category>
            <pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2025 15:38:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>708801</a_id>
        <updated>1761746629</updated>
        <published>1761745080</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Chanel de Bruyn</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001235076_resized_ecologyenergyconceptadobe1022.jpg</image_url>
        <image_title></image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>PCC report highlights need to drastically increase yearly climate finance flows</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/pcc-report-highlights-need-to-double-triple-yearly-climate-finance-flows-2025-10-24</link>
            <description><![CDATA[The Presidential Climate Commission (PCC) has launched the third edition of its ‘South African Climate Finance Landscape Report’, which maps financial flows that supported South Africa’s climate response for 2022 and 2023.  ]]></description>
            <author>Sabrina Jardim</author>
            <category>CLIMATE</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 24 Oct 2025 16:07:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>708557</a_id>
        <updated>1761317883</updated>
        <published>1761314820</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Chanel de Bruyn</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001234341_resized_davidmasondo3031020241022.jpeg</image_url>
        <image_title>Deputy Finance Minister Dr David Masondo </image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Company gears up for framework launch</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/company-gears-up-for-framework-launch-2025-10-24</link>
            <description><![CDATA[In anticipation of the formal launch of the South African Wholesale Electricity Market (SAWEM) and the Balance Responsible Party (BRP) framework, engineering business and IT enabler for the electricity sector Enerweb has been actively preparing its clients for BRP requirements. Set to launch in April 2026, SAWEM is being established to replace State-owned power utility Eskom's single-buyer monopoly model with a multi-buyer, multi-seller system, aiming for cost-efficiency and price transparency.]]></description>
            <author>Halima Frost</author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>707333</a_id>
        <updated>1761033341</updated>
        <published>1761256800</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001230788_resized_electsolutionswheelingenerwebturbine10251022.jpeg</image_url>
        <image_title>PREDICTABLE POWER
In anticipation of the new South African Wholesale Electricity Market and the Balance Responsible Party framework Enerweb has been proactively gearing up its clients for compliance</image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Namibia’s first solar wheeling project commissioned</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/namibias-first-solar-wheeling-project-commissioned-2025-10-24</link>
            <description><![CDATA[The 10 MW Maxwell solar plant, which represents a “ground-breaking step” in Namibia’s transition to renewable energy and “serves as a model for future public-private power partnerships”, has been commissioned, says solar asset management company Sustainable Power Solutions (SPS). The company, in partnership with gold mining company B2Gold Namibia, Maxwell farm owners the Oelofse family and local property developer Fortitude, has successfully commissioned Namibia’s first solar wheeling project under national electric power utility NamPower’s modified single buyer (MSB) programme.]]></description>
            <author>Halima Frost</author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>707329</a_id>
        <updated>1761033340</updated>
        <published>1761256800</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001230762_resized_electsolutionswheelingspsmaxwellfarmsolar10251022.jpeg</image_url>
        <image_title>DIVERSIFIED FARMING
The Maxwell farm in Namibia has added a solar energy farm to its farming portfolio</image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Virtual wheeling  PPA a first in Africa</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/virtual-wheeling-ppa-a-first-in-africa-2025-10-24</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Although the virtual wheeling power purchase agreement (PPA) between telecommunications company Vodacom and renewable energy company SOLA Group draws inspiration from international corporate PPA models, it is uniquely South African in design, says SOLA Group MD of Commercial, Jonathan Skeen. He explains that although the virtual wheeling PPA reflects global best practice, it has been tailored to the realities of State-owned power utility Eskom’s grid and regulatory framework, creating a first-of-its-kind solution in an African country.]]></description>
            <author>Halima Frost</author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>707331</a_id>
        <updated>1761033341</updated>
        <published>1761256800</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
        <image_url>https://cisp.cachefly.net/assets/articles/images/resized/0001230775_resized_electsolutionswheelingsolagrouparray10251022.jpeg</image_url>
        <image_title>AN ARRAY OF OPTIONS
The new solar array developed by SOLA Group offers a group of clients an array of power purchase agreement options
</image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Africa needs investment,  not ideology – chamber</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/africa-needs-investment-not-ideology-chamber-2025-10-17</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Concluding African Energy Week (AEW) – held last month, in Cape Town – energy advocacy group the African Energy Chamber (AEC) founder and executive chairperson NJ Ayuk underscored a central message that Africa required sustained investment rather than ideology to advance its energy agenda. The chamber emphasised that long-term capital commitments, pragmatic policy frameworks and strategic partnerships are essential to advancing upstream developments, strengthening midstream infrastructure and ensuring that Africa benefited from its vast natural resources.]]></description>
            <author>Lumkile Nkomfe </author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>706782</a_id>
        <updated>1760426139</updated>
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        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
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        <image_title>REGULATORY CLARITY 
Creating clear and stable policy environments with transparent processes demonstrates the commitment to long-term energy growth to enhance investor confidence and reduce risk </image_title>
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            <title>Policy integral to shaping oil and gas outlook – law firm</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/policy-integral-to-shaping-oil-and-gas-outlook-law-firm-2025-10-17</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Although significant oil and gas discoveries across Southern Africa have sharpened investor focus, unlocking that potential is not only geological; it also requires an astute understanding of the legal, fiscal, administrative and commercial requirements thereof, highlights law firm Webber Wentzel corporate practice partner and mining sector head Jonathan Veeran. As capital becomes increasingly mobile and investors weigh frontier markets against proven jurisdictions, South Africa must reckon with specific interlinked challenges that could define its upstream future.]]></description>
            <author>Lumkile Nkomfe </author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>706812</a_id>
        <updated>1759414440</updated>
        <published>1760652000</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
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        <image_title>JONATHAN VEERAN
Gas will not take off just because it's in the ground. It takes deliberate market creation, infrastructure investment and smart policy to make the upstream development worthwhile</image_title>
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        <item>
            <title>Sustainable  solution lauded</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/sustainable-solution-lauded-2025-10-17</link>
            <description><![CDATA[In a water-scarce country such as South Africa environmental initiatives aimed at water management and marine ecosystem projects – such as Blue Bonds – are paramount and must be implemented, says law firm Webber Wentzel partner Lerato Nkanza. Although water scarcity is often exacerbated in Africa by poor infrastructure and climate change, as well as characterised by high urban demand and rural under-service, Blue Bonds offer a sustainable financing solution.]]></description>
            <author>Halima Frost</author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>706857</a_id>
        <updated>1760426140</updated>
        <published>1760652000</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
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        <image_title>INTO THE BLUE Blue bonds an initiative aimed at water management and marine ecosystem projects must be implemented </image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>New framework to  improve service capability</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/new-framework-to-improve-service-capability-2025-10-17</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Having employed a mixed-methods approach to engage a range of South African water utilities, research conducted by tertiary education institute the University of Pretoria’s (UP’s) Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM) is aiming to help resolve water utilities’ deteriorating service capabilities by developing a new framework. The Service Innovation Dynamic Capabilities Framework has been outlined in a paper, titled ‘Service Innovation Dynamic Capabilities Framework: A Case of Water Utilities in South Africa’, published in August.]]></description>
            <author>Halima Frost</author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>706868</a_id>
        <updated>1760948990</updated>
        <published>1760652000</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
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        <image_title>TAPPED OUT
The deteriorating service capabilities of water utilities across South Africa must integrate managerial capabilities, new technologies and existing operational skills to respond to current challenges
</image_title>
        <image_width>511</image_width>
        <image_height>287</image_height>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title>Bank champions balanced energy  future for Africa</title>
            <link>https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/bank-champions-balanced-energy-future-for-africa-2025-10-17</link>
            <description><![CDATA[As Africa grapples with deep-rooted energy poverty and mounting climate pressures, financial services provider Standard Bank is positioning itself as a key enabler of a pragmatic just energy transition. For Africa’s largest lender, this does not mean choosing between renewables and fossil fuels, but rather ensuring that both are harnessed responsibly to fuel inclusive growth. Standard Bank views upstream oil and gas not as a legacy burden, but as a growth lever for emerging African economies. It cites countries, such as Mozambique, Angola, Nigeria and Ghana, which continue to rely on fossil fuel exports to fund national budgets, build infrastructure and stimulate job creation.]]></description>
            <author>Lumkile Nkomfe </author>
            <category>Environmental Studies</category>
            <pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
        <a_id>706902</a_id>
        <updated>1761040727</updated>
        <published>1760652000</published>
        <expires>99999999999</expires>
        <editor>Nadine James</editor>
        <has_video>0</has_video>
        <has_audio>0</has_audio>
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        <image_title>DELE KUTI
For mature-producing fields, the bank also structures bond instruments or debt capital market facilities, and for frontier countries, it helps governments secure fiscal stability commitments to unlock initial capital</image_title>
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