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Crude Oil

Crude oil is unrefined petroleum, a naturally occurring fossil fuel composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials extracted from beneath the Earth's surface. It is the world's most actively traded commodity and serves as the primary raw material for producing transport fuels, heating oil, petrochemicals and a wide range of industrial products. Crude oil is classified by density and sulphur content, with benchmarks such as Brent, West Texas Intermediate and Dubai Crude serving as global pricing references. Major producing regions include the Middle East, North America, Russia and parts of Africa, while consumption is concentrated in industrialised and rapidly developing economies. The oil market is influenced by geopolitical events, production decisions by the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, technological advances in extraction and refining, and shifts in energy policy towards renewable sources. Crude oil prices affect inflation, trade balances and economic growth worldwide, making the commodity central to global finance and development. Volatility in crude markets can have cascading effects on related sectors, including shipping, petrochemicals and fertiliser production. The industry has evolved significantly since the first commercial wells of the mid-nineteenth century, with offshore drilling, hydraulic fracturing and deepwater exploration expanding accessible reserves. Environmental concerns and climate commitments are driving a gradual transition away from fossil fuels, yet crude oil remains integral to the global energy mix and is expected to play a substantial role for decades to come.

Latest Articles in 60 Seconds

Canada advances new pipelines to cut reliance on foreign crude

Alberta and Ontario have proposed a 2 050-mile (3 300 km) crude oil pipeline linking Hardisty, Alberta, to refineries in Sarnia, Ontario, initially moving 500 000 barrels a day and eventually up to 800 000 barrels a day, with a feasibility study due by year-end. Ontario is also exploring port extensions, while government-owned Trans Mountain Corp, alongside Pembina Pipeline Corp, is separately building a one-million-barrel-a-day line from Alberta to the Pacific coast.

China's crude imports plunge amid Iran war fallout

China's oil imports hit a record 11.6-million barrels a day in 2025 but fell to an eight-year low of 7.79-million barrels a day in May 2026 after prices surged following the US-Israel attack on Iran, which effectively closed the Strait of Hormuz. Beijing's new five-year energy plan targets 50% non-fossil electricity generation by 2030, though reduced crude availability could push coal use for chemical production, already 320-million to 380-million tons yearly, higher.

Mercuria and Eni launch crude trading joint venture

Mercuria and Eni have agreed to form a Geneva-based 50:50 joint venture trading crude oil, refined fuels, biofuels, gas and LNG, due to begin operating in 2027 pending regulatory approval, as volatility from the Iran war and the Ukraine conflict pushes oil majors toward trading partnerships.

Crude Oil Updates


Crude oil pours from well
Alberta, Ontario propose new 2 050-mile Canada oil pipeline
7th July 2026 By: Reuters

Alberta and Ontario on Monday proposed a new 2 050-mile (3 300 km) crude oil pipeline between the two Canadian provinces that they said would initially move 500 000 barrels per day (bpd) and reduce... 


Eni LNG vessel
Commodities trader Mercuria to form JV with Italian major Eni
1st July 2026 By: Reuters

Swiss-based commodities trading house Mercuria and Italian oil and gas major Eni have agreed to set up a joint venture (JV), the companies said on Wednesday, reflecting a trend for trading... 


Absa PMI declines to 47.3 points in June, but price pressures may have peaked
1st July 2026 By: Schalk Burger

Financial services firm Absa’s Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) declined from 50.8 in May to 47.3 index points in June. The sharp decline in the PMI’s purchasing price index by 13.5 points to 71.3... 


Coal processing plant in Russia
India pivots to Russian crude and coal to mitigate Iran war fallout
23rd June 2026 By: Reuters

India has swung to buying Russian crude oil and coal to bolster its energy supplies after flows were disrupted and prices rose during the Iran conflict. The world's third-largest oil importer is... 


An oil tanker at sea
Hormuz reopening to release wave of oil supply, depress prices
18th June 2026 By: Reuters

Middle Eastern crude oil markets could come under further pressure if the Strait of Hormuz reopens on Friday following the US-Iran interim deal, releasing-millions of barrels of oil stranded in the... 


Crude oil pouring from drilling rig well
Canada oil outages, bad weather to tighten inventories at key US storage hub 
12th June 2026 By: Reuters

Wet weather and a power outage at a major oil sands producer have contributed to crude export supply tightness out of Western Canada, which could tighten supplies to the key Cushing storage hub in... 


Sacci BCI registers m/m and y/y increases in May
Sacci BCI registers m/m and y/y increases in May
11th June 2026 By: Sabrina Jardim

The South African Chamber of Commerce and Industry’s (Sacci’s) Business Confidence Index (BCI) declined further by 7.7 index points in April before recovering by 0.5 index points to 124.1 in May.... 


Oil refinery in New Brunswick
India considering Canada as potential crude oil supplier, envoy says
11th June 2026 By: Reuters

India is considering Canada as a potential crude oil supplier, High Commissioner Dinesh Patnaik said on Wednesday at the Global Energy Show in Calgary, Alberta, adding that the country's newer... 


Trade conditions deteriorate as fuel prices take their toll – Sacci
Trade conditions deteriorate as fuel prices take their toll – Sacci
21st May 2026 By: Sabrina Jardim

As global trade conditions are factoring in the effect of the war in the Middle East, especially as it impacts international crude oil prices, these exogenous developments not only affect crude oil... 


Photo of Terence Creamer
Big lingering questions
17th April 2026 By: Terence Creamer

During the most recent energy crisis – triggered by attacks by the US and Israel on Iran that resulted in the near closure of the Strait of Hormuz energy corridor ahead of a tenuous ceasefire – one... 


An oil rig
Physical oil prices hit record highs near $150/bbl as Hormuz crisis worsens
7th April 2026 By: Reuters

European and Asian refiners are paying record high prices of near $150 a barrel for some crude oil grades, far exceeding prices for paper futures, highlighting the worsening supply crisis from the... 


An oil vessel waits at the loading and discharging point of the Dangote refinery
Nigeria's Dangote refinery boosts exports to ease Africa's supply crunch
7th April 2026 By: Reuters

Nigeria's Dangote refinery, Africa's largest, has increased exports of gasoline and urea to African countries hit by supply disruptions caused by the Iran war, its owner Aliko Dangote said on... 


World Bank flags rising commodity prices, logistics strain amid Middle East conflict
World Bank flags rising commodity prices, logistics strain amid Middle East conflict
27th March 2026 By: Creamer Media Reporter

The World Bank Group has warned that the ongoing conflict in the Middle East is placing increasing pressure on global commodity markets and supply chains, with emerging market economies already... 


Bevan Jones
King coal is dead, long live king coal
27th March 2026

In our weekly Energies Briefing to our clients on February 20, 2026, we noted that, “…it would seem that war is imminent, with [US President Donald] Trump threatening ‘really bad things’ by the... 


An oil rig
Trump adviser says Iran 'terror premium' inflated oil prices for decades
16th March 2026 By: Reuters

Neutralising Iran could make crude oil much cheaper because the threat posed by Tehran imposed a "terror premium" that inflated global oil prices for decades, a top White House adviser said in a... 


S&P Global Energy forecasts oil prices of $70/bbl to $100/bbl for the remainder of this year
13th March 2026 By: Schalk Burger

Energy market intelligence company S&P Global Energy says the 17-million-barrel-a-day reduction in crude oil and refined product supply available to the market from March 1 to 11 represents the... 


Oil could hit $150/bbl, WoodMac warns
Oil could hit $150/bbl, WoodMac warns
10th March 2026 By: Sabrina Jardim

With 15-million barrels a day of Gulf supply suddenly offline, global oil demand will need to fall to rebalance the market, a process that could require prices to reach $150/bbl, new analysis by... 


Fuel prices to rise on March 4; further increases likely amid Middle East tension
2nd March 2026 By: Schalk Burger

On March 4, the price of 93- and 95-octane petrol will increase by 20c/ℓ, diesel with a sulphur content of 0.05% will increase by 62c/ℓ, diesel with a sulphur content of 0.005% will increase by... 


Zero Carbon Charge co-founder and chairperson Joubert Roux
Opinion: EVs and renewables are best way for South Africa to loosen oil’s grip
22nd January 2026

In this article, South African offgrid electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure developer Zero Carbon Charge co-founder and chairperson Joubert Roux writes about the renewed use of oil as a... 


Sars records preliminary trade balance surplus of R15.6bn in October
28th November 2025 By: Schalk Burger

South Africa recorded a preliminary trade balance surplus of R15.6-billion in October. This surplus was attributable to exports of R192.2-billion and imports of R176.6-billion, including trade with... 


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pqt: 0.081s - ct: 0.147s - 290pq - 2rq
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