An international team of experts, including University of Cape Town Department of Biological Sciences head and palaeobiologist Professor Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan, has discovered a previously unknown predatory dinosaur, dubbed the changyuraptor, in the Liaoning Province of north-east China – an area that has produced several discoveries in feathered dinosaur fossils in the last decade.
The dinosaur had a full set of feathers cloaking its entire body, including unusually long tail feathers believed to have been used by the raptor to decrease descent speed and assure safe landings.
With a weight of 4 kg, the 122-cm-long changyuraptor was the biggest of all four-winged dinosaurs, with the specimen uncovered believed to be fully grown and around five years old.
The research team said the discovery of the changyuraptor consolidated the notion that flight preceded the origin of birds, being inherited by the latter from their dinosaurian predecessors.
“The new fossil documents that dinosaur flight was not limited to very small animals but to dinosaurs of more substantial size. Clearly, far more evidence is needed to understand the nuances of dinosaur flight, but the changyuraptor is a major leap in the right direction,” commented research team leader and Natural History Museum of Los Angeles palaeontologist Dr Luis Chiappe.
According to Chinsamy-Turan, these microraptorine dinosaurs were known as the “four-winged” dinosaurs, as the long feathers attached to the legs had the appearance of a second set of wings.
“As we know, birds have wings on their forelimbs. However, about ten years ago, predatory dinosaurs were discovered with wings on both their forelimbs and hindlimbs.
“These recent discoveries pose an enigma as to how these microraptorine dinosaurs used their four wings to fly. Our new microraptor, changyuraptor, is quite large, and we propose that its unusually long tail – some 30 cm in length – helped to keep it airborne and could have assisted with landing,” she explained
While it remained uncertain as to how well these dinosaurs were able to fly, the team believed the discovery did explain the role that the tail feathers played during flight control.
For larger flyers, safe landings were of particular importance.
“It makes sense that the largest microraptorines had especially large tail feathers as they would have needed the additional control,” added research paper co-author and University of Southern California researcher Dr Michael Habib.